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. 2008 Aug 15;72(4):90.
doi: 10.5688/aj720490.

Identifying perceptions of professionalism in pharmacy using a four-frame leadership model

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Identifying perceptions of professionalism in pharmacy using a four-frame leadership model

Dennis F Thompson et al. Am J Pharm Educ. .

Abstract

Objectives: To determine whether professionalism in pharmacy education is addressed from Bolman and Deal's four-frame leadership model.

Methods: Students (N=624), faculty (N=57), preceptors (N=56), and academic administrators (N=8) at 6 colleges and schools of pharmacy were surveyed to assess professionalism. Using grounded theory methodology and a constant comparative process, common themes were identified for each question in each group. Themes were assigned to the four-frame model and the data were compared.

Results: Mechanisms of addressing professionalism consistent with all 4 frames of the Bolman and Deal's model were identified. Faculty assessment of student professionalism was significantly lower (P<0.05) than the student group, preceptors, and administrators.

Conclusions: Mechanisms of addressing professionalism in pharmacy education span all four frames of Bolman and Deal's leadership model. The values students bring into a pharmacy program may play an important role in the process of professional socialization. Faculty members have a tremendous opportunity to enhance student professionalism with their daily verbal and nonverbal interactions with students.

Keywords: faculty; leadership; pharmacy students; professionalism; qualitative research.

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Figure 1
Figure 1
Constant comparative methodology applied to current study. Abbreviations: P1 = first year pharmacy students; P2 = second year pharmacy students; P3 = third year pharmacy students; P4 = fourth year pharmacy students; academic administrators = dean and provost or chancellor.

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