A restricted neuroendoscopic approach for pathological diagnosis of intraventricular and paraventricular tumours

Abstract

Background: There is increasing interest in the use of neuroendoscopic techniques in neuro-oncology. We report our experience of endoscopic biopsy in patients harbouring intraventricular and paraventricular brain tumours in order to define criteria for the use of this technique.

Methods: We identified 23 patients (aged 7-78 years) who underwent endoscopic biopsy for intraventricular or paraventricular lesions considered not suitable for surgical removal and too risky for a stereotactical approach. All of the biopsies were obtained with a flexible endoscope using a free-hand technique.

Findings: In 16 patients specimens were adequate and led to a diagnosis; in three patients they were informative but not completely diagnostic; a pathological diagnosis was unavailable in four patients. In 13 patients with a lesion causing an obstruction of the aqueduct, a third ventriculostomy was performed during the same procedure; in one patient with a lesion occluding the Monro foramen, a septostomy was done, while in another case multiple cystostomies were required. No specific complications were observed, either clinically or radiologically, in particular no major bleeding occurred.

Conclusions: In our experience, endoscopic biopsy could provide a pathological diagnosis in 19 of 23 patients. Endoscopic biopsy sampling sufficient tissue should be considered as the first choice in selected lesions that are otherwise difficult to approach.