A practical review of prevention and management of ingested/aspirated dental items

Abstract

Most dental procedures are accomplished while the patient is partially or totally supine; as a result, all restorative patients have the potential to ingest or aspirate a dental item. The principle of nonmaleficence dictates the use of preventive practices (rubber dam, ligatures, throat pack) when possible; even so, accidents happen and one has to assume the worst when a dental item disappears. Knowing what to do can be extremely important, both medically and legally. The first order of business is ensuring that the airway is not compromised and advising the patient of the problem. Immediate referral (with escort) to a medical facility for appropriate radiographs and determination of required medical action is mandatory, regardless of how well the patient looks. According to the literature, all aspirated foreign objects and approximately one-third of ingested items require the patient to be hospitalized. Proper documentation also is important to reduce liability in the event of litigation.