Identification of a nucleotide sequence conserved in Lactococcus lactis bacteriophages

Abstract

A genetic element which is conserved in the genomes of numerous Lactococcus lactis bacteriophage isolates has been identified and its nucleotide sequence determined. Approximately 95-99% of all L. lactis bacteriophages collected over a period of six years from two geographically distinct sources carry this conserved DNA fragment. Genetic variation in other regions of the genomes of these bacteriophages is exhibited by changes in the overall restriction patterns. The complete nt sequence for a 1.6-kb region from nine independent L. lactis bacteriophage isolates was determined and only five changes in the nt sequence were observed within a span of 1536 bp. This region has a single large 1356-bp open reading frame (ORF) coding for a 51-kDa protein. Three out of the five changes occur in a 187-bp region, 5' to this large ORF. The two additional changes are found within the 1356-bp ORF, which results in two amino acid substitutions that do not, however, change the net charge of the protein. The encoded protein is extremely charged and shares some homology with yeast translation initiation factor. In addition, there is a potential zinc-binding domain within this protein, similar to those observed in genes from bacteriophages T4 and T7.