Estimating alcohol content of traditional brew in Western Kenya using culturally relevant methods: the case for cost over volume

Abstract

Traditional homemade brew is believed to represent the highest proportion of alcohol use in sub-Saharan Africa. In Eldoret, Kenya, two types of brew are common: chang'aa, spirits, and busaa, maize beer. Local residents refer to the amount of brew consumed by the amount of money spent, suggesting a culturally relevant estimation method. The purposes of this study were to analyze ethanol content of chang'aa and busaa; and to compare two methods of alcohol estimation: use by cost, and use by volume, the latter the current international standard. Laboratory results showed mean ethanol content was 34% (SD = 14%) for chang'aa and 4% (SD = 1%) for busaa. Standard drink unit equivalents for chang'aa and busaa, respectively, were 2 and 1.3 (US) and 3.5 and 2.3 (Great Britain). Using a computational approach, both methods demonstrated comparable results. We conclude that cost estimation of alcohol content is more culturally relevant and does not differ in accuracy from the international standard.

Fig. 1

Local serving receptacles of traditional brew

Fig. 2

Ethanol content of local brew with 95% confidence intervals by brew type

Fig. 3

Ethanol content of brew sold at each site

Fig. 4

Comparison of error across alcohol estimation methods for chang’aa

Fig. 5

Comparison of error across alcohol estimation methods for busaa