Preservation of ejaculation in patients undergoing nerve-sparing postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for metastatic testicular cancer

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical parameters associated with the recovery of ejaculation after nerve-sparing postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (PC-RPLND) for nonseminomatous germ cell tumor.

Methods: We queried our institutional database for all patients who had undergone nerve-sparing PC-RPLND from 1995 to 2005 using a bilateral template. Nerve sparing was performed whenever technically feasible and oncologically prudent. Antegrade ejaculation was defined as any seminal fluid expulsion and was determined by patient report. We evaluated the recovery of antegrade ejaculation using clinical and pathologic parameters and fit a logistic regression model to determine which preoperative variables were associated with antegrade ejaculation.

Results: A total of 341 patients had undergone PC-RPLND during the study period, 136 (40%) with nerve-sparing techniques. Postoperative antegrade ejaculation was reported by 107 of 136 patients (79%) with information available. On multivariate analysis, a right-sided primary testicular tumor (odds ratio 0.4, 95% confidence interval 0.1-1.0, P = .044) and residual masses > or = 5 cm (odds ratio 0.1, 95% confidence interval 0.0-0.7, P = .020) were associated with retrograde ejaculation. However, 40 of 54 patients (74%) with right-sided primary tumors and 4 of 9 patients (44%) with a mass > or = 5 cm reported antegrade ejaculation. The 5-year relapse-free survival rate was 98%, with a median follow-up of 39 months (interquartile range 19-66).

Conclusions: Nerve-sparing PC-RPLND is associated with excellent functional return of antegrade ejaculation, is feasible in select patients with bulky disease, and results in excellent oncologic outcomes.