Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2008:65:249-69.
doi: 10.1016/S0065-2164(08)00609-6.

Pathogen surveillance through monitoring of sewer systems

Ryan G Sinclair  1 , Christopher Y Choi, Mark R Riley, Charles P Gerba
Affiliations
Review

Pathogen surveillance through monitoring of sewer systems

Ryan G Sinclair et al. Adv Appl Microbiol. 2008.
No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 9.1
Figure 9.1
Outcomes of exposure to a microbial infection.
Figure 9.2
Figure 9.2
Occurrence of nonpolio enterovirus in bodily fluids and feces during the course of infection (interpreted from Pichichero et al., 1998).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Alter H.J., Purcell R.H., Gerin J.L., London W.T., Kaplan P.M., Mcauliffe V.J., Wagner J., Holland P.V. Transmission of hepatitis B to chimpanzees by hepatitis B surface antigen-positive saliva and semen. Infect. Immun. 1977;16:928–933. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Anderson A.A. Comparison of pharyngeal, fecal, and cloacal samples for the isolation of Chlamydia psittaci from experimentally infected cockatiels and turkeys. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 1996;8:448–450. - PubMed
    1. Ansari S.A., Farrah S.R., Chaudhry G.R. Presence of human-immunodeficiency-virus nucleic-acids in waste-water and their detection by polymerase chain-reaction. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1992;58:3984–3990. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Arvanitidou M., Constantinidis T.C., Doutsos J., Mandraveli K., Katsouyannopoulos V. Occupational hepatitis B virus infection in sewage workers. Med. Lav. 1998;89:437–444. - PubMed
    1. Bancroft W.H., Snitbhan R., Scott R.M., Tingpalapong M., Watson W.T., Tanticharoenyos P., Karwacki J.J., Srimarut S. Transmission of hepatitis B virus to gibbons by exposure to human saliva containing hepatitis b surface antigen. J. Infect. Dis. 1977;135:79–85. - PubMed

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources