Glucose intolerance and cardiometabolic risk in children exposed to maternal gestational diabetes mellitus in utero

Abstract

Objective: The goal was to examine the carbohydrate tolerance and cardiometabolic risk among children exposed to maternal gestational diabetes mellitus in utero.

Methods: In this study, 164 Chinese children whose mothers had participated in a previous study on the screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (63 had gestational diabetes mellitus and 101 had normal glucose tolerance during the index pregnancies) underwent follow-up evaluations at a median age of 8 years (range: 7-10 years). Children's weight, height, hip and waist circumferences, and blood pressure were measured, and weight-adjusted oral glucose tolerance tests were performed.

Results: Six children (3.7%) demonstrated impaired glucose regulation or diabetes mellitus at the follow-up evaluation. Children exposed to maternal gestational diabetes mellitus had significantly higher systolic (94+/-1.2 vs 88+/-0.9 mmHg) and diastolic (62+/-0.8 vs 57+/-0.6 mmHg) blood pressure values and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.58+/-0.04 vs 1.71+/-0.03 mmol/L) levels, after adjustment for age and gender. A high (>or=90th percentile) umbilical cord insulin level at birth was associated with abnormal glucose tolerance in the offspring.

Conclusions: Maternal gestational diabetes mellitus increases the offspring's cardiometabolic risk, and in utero hyperinsulinemia is an independent predictor of abnormal glucose tolerance in childhood.