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Review
. 2009 Mar;40(3 Suppl):S8-12.
doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.533166. Epub 2008 Dec 8.

Astrocytes and ischemic injury

Takahiro Takano  1 , Nancyann Oberheim, Maria Luisa Cotrina, Maiken Nedergaard
Affiliations
Review

Astrocytes and ischemic injury

Takahiro Takano et al. Stroke. 2009 Mar.

Abstract

Ischemic injury is traditionally viewed from an axiomatic perspective of neuronal loss. Yet the ischemic infarct encompasses all cell types, including astrocytes. This review will discuss the idea that astrocytes play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of ischemic neuronal death. It is proposed that stroke injury is primarily a consequence of the failure of astrocytes to support the essential metabolic needs of neurons. This "gliocentric view" of stroke injury predicts that pharmacological interventions specifically targeting neurons are unlikely to succeed, because it is not feasible to preserve neuronal viability in an environment that fails to meet essential metabolic requirements. Neuroprotective efforts targeting the functional integrity of astrocytes may constitute a superior strategy for future neuroprotection.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Ca2+ oscillations and Ca2+ waves represent two different modalities of astrocytic Ca2+ signaling
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
ATP is the main transmitter by which astrocytes communicate with neighboring astrocytes. ATP is also an important paracrine transmitter in signaling to neurons, vessels, and microglial cells. Other gliotransmitters include glutamate, d-serine, and prostaglandins,
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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