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. 2009 Feb;47(2):401-9.
doi: 10.1128/JCM.01099-08. Epub 2008 Dec 10.

Molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella isolates from infections in humans in Henan Province, China

Shengli Xia  1 , Rene S Hendriksen, Zhiqiang Xie, Lili Huang, Jin Zhang, Wanshen Guo, Bianli Xu, Lu Ran, Frank M Aarestrup
Affiliations

Molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella isolates from infections in humans in Henan Province, China

Shengli Xia et al. J Clin Microbiol. 2009 Feb.

Abstract

We characterized 208 human Salmonella isolates from 2006 to 2007 and 27 human Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates from 1987 to 1993 from Henan Province, China, by serotyping, by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and, for the most common serovars, by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The most common serovars among the 2006-2007 isolates were S. enterica serovar Typhimurium (27%), S. enterica serovar Enteritidis (17%), S. enterica serovar Derby (10%), S. enterica serovar Indiana (6%), and S. enterica serovar Litchfield (6%). A high percentage of the isolates were multiple-drug resistant, and 54% were resistant to both nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin. Of these, 42% were resistant to a high level of ciprofloxacin (MIC > 4 microg/ml), whereas for the remaining isolates, the MICs ranged from 0.125 to 2 microg/ml. Five isolates (2%) were ceftiofur resistant and harbored bla(CTX-M14) or bla(CTX-M15). With the possible exception of the quinolones and cephalosporins, the 1987-1993 S. enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates were almost as resistant as the recent isolates. PFGE typing of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium showed that the most common cluster predominated over time. Two other clusters have emerged, and another cluster has disappeared.

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Figures

FIG. 1.
FIG. 1.
Phylogeny of PFGE patterns of 83 Salmonella serovar Typhimurium isolates from humans with infections during the periods 1987 to 1993 and 2006 to 2007 in Henan Province, China. N2, panel used for susceptibility testing; AMP, ampicillin; APR, apramycin; XNL, ceftiofur; CHL, chloramphenicol; CIP, ciprofloxacin; FFN, florfenicol; GEN, gentamicin; NAL, nalidixic acid; NEO, neomycin; SPE, spectinomycin; STR, streptomycin; SMX, sulfamethoxazole; TET, tetracycline; TMP, trimethoprim. Isolate numbers are noted to the right of the PFGE patterns.
FIG. 2.
FIG. 2.
Phylogeny of PFGE patterns of 35 Salmonella serovar Enteritidis isolates from humans with infections during the period 2006 to 2007 in Henan Province, China. N2, panel used for susceptibility testing; AMP, ampicillin; APR, apramycin; XNL, ceftiofur; CHL, chloramphenicol; CIP, ciprofloxacin; COL, colistin, FFN, florfenicol; GEN, gentamicin; NAL, nalidixic acid; NEO, neomycin; SPE, spectinomycin; STR, streptomycin; SMX, sulfamethoxazole; TET, tetracycline; TMP, trimethoprim; AUG2, amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid; CEP, cephalosporin; POD, cefpodoxime.
FIG. 3.
FIG. 3.
Phylogeny of PFGE patterns of 20 Salmonella serovar Derby isolates from humans with infections during the period 2006 to 2007 in Henan Province, China. N2, panel used for susceptibility testing; AMP, ampicillin; APR, apramycin; XNL, ceftiofur; CHL, chloramphenicol; CIP, ciprofloxacin; COL, colistin, FFN, florfenicol; GEN, gentamicin; NAL, nalidixic acid; NEO, neomycin; SPE, spectinomycin; STR, streptomycin; SMX, sulfamethoxazole; TET, tetracycline; TMP, trimethoprim; AUG2, amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid; CEP, cephalosporin; POD, cefpodoxime.
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