MRI appearance of the pectinofoveal fold

Abstract

Objective: The pectinofoveal fold is an intraarticular structure of the hip that has had only limited study in the clinical and anatomic literature. This fold may resemble a hip plica; however, symptomatic hip plicae are now being recognized and treated at hip arthroscopy. We wished to determine the frequency and appearance of the pectinofoveal fold on hip MR arthrography. By defining the variations in its appearance, the normal pectinofoveal fold can be distinguished from pathologic hip plicae.

Materials and methods: One hundred fifty-two hip MR arthrography examinations of patients who subsequently underwent hip arthroscopy were retrospectively reviewed. Each MR examination was reviewed for the presence of a pectinofoveal fold. If present, the fold was measured in the anteroposterior, mediolateral, and superior-inferior dimensions; evaluated for smooth or irregular contour; and evaluated for a femoral or capsular site of insertion.

Results: The pectinofoveal fold was visualized on hip MR arthrograms in 144 of the 152 (95%) patients and visualized at hip arthroscopy in 150 of the 152 (99%) patients. The average thickness of the fold was 2.6 mm (range, 1-13 mm) in the mediolateral dimension and 17 mm (range, 1-32 mm) in the anteroposterior dimension. The average length of the fold in the superior-inferior dimension was 23.3 mm (range, 7-44 mm). The pectinofoveal fold had a smooth contour in 75 of the 144 (52%) patients with examinations that showed the fold and an irregular contour in 69 of 144 (48%) patients. The fold was found to insert onto the capsule in 108 of 144 (75%) patients and onto the femur in the remaining 36.

Conclusion: The pectinofoveal fold should almost always be visualized at MR arthrography. The fold can have various appearances and attachment sites, and these normal variations should not be mistaken for fold abnormalities. These findings should be useful in distinguishing this normal structure from normal and pathologic plicae.