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Review
. 2008 Dec 16;118(25):2702-9.
doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.790048.

Cardiovascular disease and risk factors in Asia: a selected review

Hirotsugu Ueshima  1 , Akira Sekikawa, Katsuyuki Miura, Tanvir Chowdhury Turin, Naoyuki Takashima, Yoshikuni Kita, Makoto Watanabe, Aya Kadota, Nagako Okuda, Takashi Kadowaki, Yasuyuki Nakamura, Tomonori Okamura
Affiliations
Review

Cardiovascular disease and risk factors in Asia: a selected review

Hirotsugu Ueshima et al. Circulation. .
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Age-standardized death rates per 100,000 for stroke (the left panel) and coronary heart disease (the right panel) across countries of different regions of Asia in 2002. Available from the World Health Organization, Department of Measurement and Health Information. The patterns show by regions: Middle Eastern countries, Central Asian countries, South Asian countries and East Asian countries.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Age-adjusted (35–64 years) stroke incidence for a MONICA study in 1985–87 and a Japanese study in 1989–1993. The diagnostic criteria of the MONICA study were used for the Japanese study. Male stroke incidence (the left panel) for the six Japanese and one Chinese population in Beijing, China showed that the rates were in the middle of these populations and definitely lower than that of Finland. The female Beijing population belongs to the higher group (the right panel). The world standard population was used for the calculation of age-adjusted rates of 35–64 years old. Source: Cited from the Reference . (By permission of Japan Atherosclerosis Society)
Figure 3
Figure 3
Age-adjusted (35–64 years) incidence of acute myocardial infarction for a MONICA study in 1985–87 and a Japanese study in 1989–1993. The incidence rates of six Japanese populations and China were far lower than those of selected Western countries. The world standard population was used for the calculation of age-adjusted rates of 35–64 years old. Source: Cited from the Reference . (By permission of Japan Atherosclerosis Society)
Figure 4
Figure 4
Trends in smoking rate by sex and by selected Asian countries. Smoking rate for women in Asian countries is similarly lower (less than 10%) than those for men. Among Asian countries, Singapore showed the lowest smoking rate for men and women, with a declining smoking rate for men. The smoking rate for men in Japan, Korea, China and Vietnam remains high: over 45%, although the declining trends in smoking rate are clear in men. Data were obtained from the following References and –.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Serum total cholesterol levels for men among Asian populations in 1980–2000, and in the USA in 1960–91. The serum total cholesterol in Singapore was the highest among the selected Asian population, followed by Hong Kong and Japan. That of Japanese people increased from 1980–2000, and currently young people show levels similar to their American counterparts. However, there remains a 20mg/dl difference in those of the elderly Japanese and Americans. The levels of Taiwanese and Korean populations were between those of the Japanese and Chinese. Chinese and some Korean populations show lower serum total cholesterol levels than those of other industrialized Asian populations. Source: Cited from the Reference . (By permission of Oxford University Press)
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References

    1. Ueshima H. Explanation for the Japanese paradox: prevention of increase in coronary heart disease and reduction in stroke. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2007;14:278–86. - PubMed
    1. Keys A, editor. Circulation. Supple I. Vol. 41. 1970. Coronary heart disease in Seven Countries. XVII. The Diet; pp. I-162–I-183. - PubMed
    1. He J, Gu D, Wu X, Reynolds K, Duan X, Yao C, Wang J, Chen CS, Chen J, Wildman RP, Klag MJ, Whelton PK. Major causes of death among men and women in China. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:1124–1134. - PubMed
    1. Ueshima H. Trend in Asia, II-1 Worldwide trends, Section II Global picture of coronary heart disease. In: Marmot M, Elliott P, editors. Coronary Heart Disease Epidemiology. 2. Oxford University Press; Oxford: 2005. pp. 102–112.
    1. WHO Statistical Information System. Causes of death. Mortality and health status. [Accessed on February 10th, 2008];WHO Data and statistics. ( http://www.who.int/research/en/)

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