Cassette analysis of eight beta-blockers in bovine eye sclera, choroid-RPE, retina, and vitreous by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Abstract

A simple, selective, and sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed for the simultaneous extraction and determination of eight beta-blockers (atenolol, sotalol, nadolol, pindolol, timolol, metoprolol, betaxolol and propranolol) in various bovine eye tissues including sclera, choroid-RPE, retina, and vitreous. The analytes were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction after samples were alkalinized with 2% NaOH solution in water. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Hypersil-ODS C18 column (100 mm x 2.1 mm, 3.9 microm) using a gradient mixture of (A) 5 mM ammonium formate in water (pH 3.5 adjusted with formic acid) and (B) acetonitrile:methanol (75:25) containing 0.02% triethyl amine (pH 4.0; adjusted with formic acid) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.4 ml/min. The compounds were ionized in the positive electrospray ionization (ESI) mode and detected in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The average recoveries in all four eye tissues for all beta-blockers were >82%, except for sotalol (>51%). The matrix effect for beta-blockers ranged from 81 to 110% in the four eye tissues. This analytical method was validated and applied successfully for simultaneous quantification of the beta-blockers in sclera after tissue exposure using cassette dosing method. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 10-2000 ng/ml for all analytes, with the correlation coefficient >0.996. Intra-day and inter-day precision (% CV) was less than 15%, and accuracy ranged from 85 to 110% for all analytes. Scleral uptake was the lowest for sotalol and atenolol, two hydrophilic beta-blockers, and the highest for propranolol, a lipophilic beta-blocker.