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Review
. 2009 Jan;227(1):150-60.
doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00720.x.

DAP10- and DAP12-associated receptors in innate immunity

Lewis L Lanier  1
Affiliations
Review

DAP10- and DAP12-associated receptors in innate immunity

Lewis L Lanier. Immunol Rev. 2009 Jan.

Abstract

The DAP10 and DAP12 signaling subunits are highly conserved in evolution and associate with a large family of receptors in hematopoietic cells, including dendritic cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, mast cells, monocytes, macrophages, natural killer cells, and some B and T cells. Some receptors are able to associate with either DAP10 or DAP12, which contribute unique intracellular signaling functions. Studies of humans and mice deficient in these signaling subunits have provided surprising insights into the physiological functions of DAP10 and DAP12, demonstrating that they can either activate or inhibit immune responses. DAP10- and DAP12-associated receptors have been shown to recognize both host-encoded ligands and ligands encoded by microbial pathogens, indicating that they play an important role in innate immune responses.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. Conservation of DAP10 and DAP12 during evolution
Alignment of the protein sequences of DAP12 (A) and DAP10 (B). Sequences were obtained from GenBank: Human DAP12, NP_003323; Mouse DAP12, NP_035792; Cow DAP12, AAI26798; Xenopus DAP12, EF431894.1; Zebrafish DAP12, NP_001093573; Human DAP10, NP_055081; Mouse DAP10, AAH69220; Cow DAP10, AAI42039; Xenopus DAP10, AAP33502; and Zebrafish DAP10 ABO61031. Fugu sequences were from Guselnikov et al. (9). The proteins were aligned starting with the conserved cysteine in the extracellular region. Conserved cysteines in the extracellular region, the aspartic acid in the transmembrane segment, and the conserved signaling motifs in the cytoplasmic domain are in red.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. Charged residues with the transmembranes of DAP10, DAP12, FcRγ, and their associated receptors
Schematic representation of prototypical receptor complexes with relative location of the charged residues within the transmembrane regions noted. Sequences of the transmembrane regions of human DAP10, DAP12, and FcRγ are shown. The relative position of the aspartic acid (D) in the transmembrane region is indicated, with the number indicating the distance in amino acids below the outer surface of the cell.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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