[Anticoagulant and thrombolytic agents in acute coronary syndromes]

Abstract

The term acute coronary syndrome (ACS) pertains to the instable and life-threatening forms of a clinically manifest coronary artery disease with biochemical and/or electro-cardiographic evidence of myocyte cell death. In detail, it includes the unstable angina pectoris, the non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) the ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and as well the sudden cardiac death. As early reperfusion of ischaemic myocardium is the most effective way for limiting infarct size by restoring the balance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand, it is the most important therapeutic goal to achieve early and complete antegrade flow in the occluded or restricted vessel, related with a reduction of short and longtime complications as heart failure and severe arrhythmias. It is generally accepted, that the primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the method of choice in acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) to restore TIMI-3 blood flow in occluded coronary arteries, if this can be performed within two hours of symptom onset and by a highly specialized team. Since these requirements are only met in 20% of hospitals caring for patients with STEMI in Germany, the therapy with thrombolytic and anticoagulant agents plays still an important role. Apart from a rapid and effective prehospital primary care, it depends furthermore on a differentiated anticoagulatory and antithrombotic therapy during coronary intervention to get optimal results.