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Comparative Study
. 2009 Feb;104(2):193-202.
doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02434.x.

The role of personality dispositions to risky behavior in predicting first-year college drinking

Melissa A Cyders  1 , Kate Flory, Sarah Rainer, Gregory T Smith
Affiliations
Comparative Study

The role of personality dispositions to risky behavior in predicting first-year college drinking

Melissa A Cyders et al. Addiction. 2009 Feb.

Abstract

Aims: US college student drinking is associated with enormous risks to health, safety and productivity. Recent advances in personality research that have delineated multiple, separate dispositions to engage in risky behaviors may help to clarify the personality contribution to risk for this problem.

Design: The authors compared the prospective roles of sensation seeking, lack of planning, lack of perseverance, negative urgency and positive urgency (dispositions to engage in rash action when in an unusually negative or positive mood, respectively) in predicting increases in drinking frequency, drinking quantity and negative outcomes from consumption across the first year of college.

Setting: University of Kentucky campus.

Participants: A total of 418 first-year US college students enrolled in an Introduction to Psychology course during the first assessment; 293 participants completed both phases of the study.

Measurements: Participants completed self-report measures of personality and drinking behavior twice during the first year of college [the UPPS-R Impulsive Behavior Scale, positive urgency measure (PUM) and Drinking Styles Questionnaire (DSQ)].

Findings: Whereas sensation seeking related to increases in the frequency with which college students drank alcohol, positive urgency predicted increases in (i) the quantity of alcohol students consumed at any given drinking episode and (ii) negative outcomes experienced from drinking.

Conclusions: It appears that although sensation seeking is a risk factor for participation in drinking behaviors, risk for increased quantity of consumption and its negative outcomes may be more a function of dyscontrol stemming from high positive mood for college students.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
This figure depicts the longitudinal structural equation model of the relationships among sex, sensation seeking, positive urgency, lack of planning, lack of perseverance, negative urgency, drinking frequency, drinking quantity and drinking-related problems. Circles reflect latent variables and squares reflect measured variables. The measured indicators of the latent traits are parcels of items: P1 stands for parcel 1 for a given factor. Straight arrows reflect factor loadings and prospective prediction pathways. Sex: biological sex; PU: positive urgency; SS: sensation seeking; LPL: lack of planning; LPS: lack of perseverance; NU: negative urgency; DP: Drinking-related problems; DQ: Drinking quantity; DF: Drinking Frequency. Time 1 assessment at beginning of first year of college; Time 2 assessment at the end of the first year of college. Length of time between assessments = approximately 8 months. Assessment period is over the individual’s lifetime. Values here include imputed values from total sample of n = 418. Values were unchanged using non-imputed data. For ease of presentation, error variances, cross-sectional relationships (presented in Table 2), and non-significant paths are not depicted. ** p < .01, * p < .05
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