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. 2009 Jun;3(2):89-94.
doi: 10.1007/s12079-009-0037-7. Epub 2009 Jan 21.

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF, CCN2) gene regulation: a potent clinical bio-marker of fibroproliferative disease?

Andrew Leask  1 , Sunil K Parapuram, Xu Shi-Wen, D J Abraham
Affiliations

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF, CCN2) gene regulation: a potent clinical bio-marker of fibroproliferative disease?

Andrew Leask et al. J Cell Commun Signal. 2009 Jun.

Abstract

The CCN (cyr61, ctgf, nov) family of modular proteins regulate diverse biological affects including cell adhesion, matrix production, tissue remodelling, proliferation and differentiation. Recent targeted gene disruption studies have demonstrated the CCN family to be developmentally essential for chondrogenesis, osteogenesis and angiogenesis. CCN2 is induced by agents such as angiotensin II, endothelin-1, glucocorticoids, HGF, TGFbeta, and VEGF, and by hypoxia and biomechanical and shear stress. Dysregulated expression of CCN2 has also been widely documented in many fibroproliferative diseases. This mini-review will focus on CCN2, and the recent progress in understanding CCN2 gene regulation in health and disease. That CCN2 should be considered a novel and informative surrogate clinical bio-marker for fibroproliferative disease is discussed.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Elements in the CCN2 promoter involved with its expression in normal mesenchymal cells. HIF-1=hypoxia inducible factor-1; BCE-1=basal control element-1; TEF/ets=transcription enhancer factor; CAESAR=cis-acting element of structure-anchored repression
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