Impact of obesity on perioperative outcomes of minimally invasive esophagectomy

Abstract

Background: Abnormal body mass index has been targeted as a predictor of complications after major surgery. The aim of this study was to review the impact of obesity on perioperative outcomes after minimally invasive esophagectomy.

Methods: This study was a single-institution retrospective review of patients undergoing minimally invasive esophagectomy for high-grade dysplasia or cancer of the esophagus between 1999 and 2004. A body mass index of 30 or greater was considered obese. Patients with a body mass index less than 18.5 were excluded because of the potentially adverse effects of malnutrition on outcomes.

Results: A total of 282 eligible patients were identified. There were 84 obese and 198 nonobese patients (mean body mass index = 34.5 versus 25.5; p < 0.0001). Preoperative demographics, comorbidities, and cancer status were similar, except for a higher prevalence of diabetes (p = 0.002), lower prevalence of peripheral vascular disease (p = 0.045), and lower prevalence of stage III disease in the obese group (p = 0.044). Operative time was significantly longer in obese patients (375 versus 301 minutes; p = 0.0001), and estimated blood loss was similar (433 versus 377 mL, obese versus nonobese, respectively). There were 5 (1.8%) overall 30-day perioperative mortalities, with no differences between the groups. Overall major (obese, 23 [27.5%] versus nonobese, 68 [34.3%]) and minor (obese, 23 [27.5%] versus nonobese, 65 [32.8%]) complication rates were also similar. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in any individual complications. There was no difference in median intensive care unit stay (obese, 1 day versus nonobese, 2 days) or overall hospital stay (obese, 7 days versus nonobese, 8 days).

Conclusions: Obesity was associated with longer operative times. Our review suggests that obesity is not a risk factor for mortality, postoperative complications, or length of hospitalization after minimally invasive esophagectomy.