Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation decreases matrix metalloproteinase-9 production in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

Abstract

Objectives: The primary objective was to evaluate the effect of omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3 FA) on matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) production by immune cells in multiple sclerosis (MS). Quality of life, fatty acid levels, and safety were also evaluated.

Materials and methods: Ten participants with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) received omega-3 FA supplementation (9.6g/day fish oil) in an open-label study. Participants were evaluated at four time points, baseline, after 1 month of omega-3 FA supplementation, after 3 months of omega-3 FA supplementation, and after a 3-month wash out.

Results: Immune cell secretion of MMP-9 decreased by 58% after 3 months of omega-3 FA supplementation when compared with baseline levels (p<0.01). This effect was coupled with a significant increase in omega-3 FA levels in red blood cell membranes.

Conclusions: Omega-3 FA significantly decreased MMP-9 levels in RRMS and may act as an immune-modulator that has potential therapeutic benefit in MS patients.

Figure 1. Mean MMP-9 Levels Secreted by Unstimulated PBMC: Comparison to Baseline

Mean MMP-9 levels measured from unstimulated PBMC at baseline, after 1-month of omega-3 FA supplementation, after 3-months of omega-3 FA supplementation, and after a 3-month wash out.

Figure 2. Change in MMP-9 Levels (PBMC Secreted) from Baseline to 3-months of Omega-3 FA Supplementation in All Ten MS Subjects

Change in unstimulated PBMC secreted MMP-9 levels from baseline to 3-months of omega-3 FA supplementation in all ten relapsing remitting MS subjects. Baseline MMP-9 levels reflect the mean of three baseline measures.

Figure 3. Mean EPA and DHA Levels in MS Subjects Measured from RBC Membranes:Comparison to Baseline

Mean EPA and DHA levels measured from red blood cell membranes at baseline, after 3-months of omega-3 FA supplementation and after a 3-month wash out.