Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Editorial
. 2009 Feb;19(2):99-102.
doi: 10.1089/thy.2008.1565.

Type 1 diabetes and autoimmune thyroiditis: the genetic connection

Yaron Tomer, Francesca Menconi
Editorial

Type 1 diabetes and autoimmune thyroiditis: the genetic connection

Yaron Tomer et al. Thyroid. 2009 Feb.
No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Summary of confirmed susceptibility genes for autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) and type 1 diabetes (T1D). These include genes specific for AITD (Tg, TSHR and CD40) and genes specific for T1D (HLA-DQ2/DQ8, VNTR [a tandem repeat polymorphism located approximately 600 bp 5’ of the insulin gene], MICA [MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence], IL2RA/CD25 [interleukin 2 receptor alpha], and IFIH1/MDA5 [interferon induced with helicase C]). Four genes are common to both diseases (HLA-DR3/DR4, CTLA-4, PTPN22, and FOXP3 [forkhead box P3, which controls regulatory T-cell differentiation]).
Figure 2
Figure 2
The immunological synapse or the interface between an antigen presenting cell and a T-cell. The four confirmed APS3v susceptibility genes participate in the immunological synapse. These include the HLA-DR genes which present the autoantigens to T-cells, the CTLA-4 gene, an important co-stimulatory molecule which suppresses T-cell activation, the PTPN22 gene which negatively regulates the T-cell receptor signaling pathway, and the FOXP3 gene which is the key regulator of the differentiation of regulatory T cells.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Van Limbergen J, Russell RK, Nimmo ER, Ho GT, Arnott ID, Wilson DC, Satsangi J. Genetics of the innate immune response in inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis Epub. 2006 - PubMed
    1. Jacobson EM, Huber A, Tomer Y. The HLA gene complex in thyroid autoimmunity: From epidemiology to etiology. J Autoimmun. 2008;30:58–62. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Jacobson EM, Tomer Y. The CD40, CTLA-4, thyroglobulin, TSH receptor, and PTPN22 gene quintet and its contribution to thyroid autoimmunity: Back to the future. J Autoimmun. 2007;28:85–98. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Grakoui A, Bromley SK, Sumen C, Davis MM, Shaw AS, Allen PM, Dustin ML. The immunological synapse: a molecular machine controlling T cell activation. Science. 1999;285:221–227. - PubMed
    1. Dustin ML. T-cell activation through immunological synapses and kinapses. Immunol Rev. 2008;221:77–89. - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms