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Review
. 2009 Feb:24:17-25.
doi: 10.1152/physiol.00034.2008.

Novel mechanisms in the regulation of phosphorus homeostasis

Theresa Berndt  1 , Rajiv Kumar
Affiliations
Review

Novel mechanisms in the regulation of phosphorus homeostasis

Theresa Berndt et al. Physiology (Bethesda). 2009 Feb.

Abstract

Phosphorus plays a critical role in diverse biological processes, and, therefore, the regulation of phosphorus balance and homeostasis are critical to the well being of the organism. Changes in environmental, dietary, and serum concentrations of inorganic phosphorus are detected by sensors that elicit changes in cellular function and alter the efficiency by which phosphorus is conserved. Short-term, post-cibal responses that occur independently of hormones previously thought to be important in phosphorus homeostasis may play a larger role than previously appreciated in the regulation of phosphorus homeostasis. Several hormones and regulatory factors such as the vitamin D endocrine system, parathyroid hormone, and the phosphatonins (FGF-23, sFRP-4, MEPE) among others, may play a role only in the long-term regulation of phosphorus homeostasis. In this review, we discuss how organisms sense changes in phosphate concentrations and how changes in hormonal factors result in the conservation or excretion of phosphorus.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Phosphorus homeostasis in normal humans (5).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Mechanisms by which cells and organisms respond to alterations in the extracellular phosphorus concentrations. See text for details.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Intestinal phosphate sensing increases the fractional excretion of phosphorus in the kidney following increases in intestinal luminal phosphate concentrations by the release of an intestinal mediator ("intestinal phosphatonin").
Figure 4
Figure 4
Adaptations to changes in dietary phosphate (5).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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