The relationship between hematoma iron content and perihematoma edema: an MRI study

Abstract

Background: Iron neurotoxicity has been linked to delayed neuronal injury and edema formation after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We have previously shown that serum ferritin, an indicator of body iron load, correlates with the relative perihematoma edema volume (RPHEV) on days 3-4 after ICH. We undertook this study to directly examine the relationship between in vivo brain and hematoma iron content, measured by MRI, and RPHEV.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed prospectively collected clinical and laboratory data from 36 consecutive patients with acute spontaneous lobar ICH who had MRI performed within 2-4 days of ICH onset. We measured hematoma and edema volumes, and the signal intensity on T(2)-weighted images (T(2)SI), as an estimate of iron content, in the hematoma and contralateral globus pallidus (GP). We calculated the RPHEV and T(2)SI in the hematoma and GP, relative to T(2)SI in the frontal deep white matter which contains negligible iron, to estimate the hematoma and brain iron load. We used Spearman correlation coefficient to determine the association of relative T(2)SI of the hematoma and GP with RPHEV.

Results: We found a significant inverse correlation between the relative T(2)SI in the hematoma (r = -0.75, p < 0.001) and to a lesser extent in the GP (r = -0.34, p = 0.04) and the RPHEV.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that in vivo brain and hematoma iron content, as measured by MRI, is linked to perihematoma edema after ICH, and provide further support to existing preclinical evidence linking iron-mediated toxicity to delayed neuronal injury after ICH.

Fig. 1

Representative pictures of hematoma and perihematoma edema measurements. a ROIs drawn around the perimeters of the perihematoma edema and hematoma. b ROIs drawn on the frontal white matter and GP.

Fig. 2

Scatter plot showing the correlation between RPHEV and relative T₂SI of hematoma (r = −0.75, p < 0.001, n = 36).

Fig. 3

Scatter plot showing the correlation between RPHEV and T₂SI of contralateral GP (r = −0.34, p = 0.04, n = 36).