Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2009 Mar;53(3 Suppl 3):S46-55.
doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2008.07.054.

CKD surveillance using laboratory data from the population-based National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)

Alejandro F Castro  1 , Josef Coresh
Affiliations

CKD surveillance using laboratory data from the population-based National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)

Alejandro F Castro et al. Am J Kidney Dis. 2009 Mar.

Abstract

Surveillance for chronic kidney disease (CKD) using nationally representative samples of the US population is central in providing information about the magnitude and trends in CKD burden that will guide disease management and prevention planning for clinicians and public health authorities. We used a cross-sectional study design to estimate the change in prevalence of CKD over time by using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. NHANES III (1988-1994) included 15,488 participants and NHANES rounds 1999-2004 included 13,233 participants older than 20 years with serum creatinine measurements who were examined in a mobile examination center. Early stages of CKD were defined by glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimated by using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study equation and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio following the classification system established by the National Kidney Foundation's Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative. Moderately decreased GFR increased in prevalence from 5.4% to 7.7% (P < 0.001) and severely decreased GFR increased from 0.21% to 0.35% (P = 0.02) from 1988-1994 to 1999-2004. Within CKD stage 3, 18.6% +/- 1.6% (SE) of individuals should be referred to a nephrologist following a proposed set of criteria for referral; referral rates were highest for individuals with diabetes and lower in whites compared with other race-ethnicity groups. These survey data suggest that the prevalence of CKD has increased between 1988-1994 and 1999-2004. Surveillance for early stages of CKD (stages 1 to 4) should monitor these and other trends.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Trends in the prevalence of CKD stages 3 and 4 between NHANES 1988-1994 and 1999-2004 (full squares) as well as the three component surveys for the later NHANES (empty squares for 1999-2000, 2001-2002 and 2003-2004). Error bars denote 95% confidence intervals. Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Levey AS, Eckardt KU, Tsukamoto Y, et al. Definition and classification of chronic kidney disease: A position statement from kidney disease: Improving global outcomes (KDIGO) Kidney Int. 2005;67(6):2089–2100. - PubMed
    1. National Kidney Foundation. K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: Evaluation, classification, and stratification. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002;39(2 Suppl 1):S1–266. - PubMed
    1. Sarnak MJ, Levey AS, Schoolwerth AC, et al. Kidney disease as a risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease: A statement from the american heart association councils on kidney in cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure research, clinical cardiology, and epidemiology and prevention. Hypertension. 2003;42(5):1050–1065. - PubMed
    1. U.S. Renal Data Systems. USRDS 2006 Annual Data Report: Atlas of End-Stage Renal Disease in the United States. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2007.
    1. Hajjar I, Kotchen TA. Trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the united states, 1988-2000. JAMA. 2003;290(2):199–206. - PubMed

Publication types