[Needlestick injuries in health care workers: analysis of non preventable risk factors through standard precautions]

Abstract

Objective: To identify potential risk factors of occupational needlestick injuries that were not prevented despite adherence to standard precautions.

Patients and method: Multicentre case control study. Cases were defined as any workers who reported a needlestick injury despite documented use of standard precautions. Controls were workers of the same hospital who had performed procedures similar to matched cases and who reported a needlestick injury without correct use of standard precautions (control 1) or who did not report a needlestick injury during the previous 6 months (control 2).

Results: A total of 512 injuries were included (256 cases and 256 controls 1), and 256 controls 2. Analyses based on controls 1 showed an increased risk for physicians (ORa 2.22; 95% CI: 1.07-4.60) and those working in the operating theatre (ORa 2.87; 95% CI: 1.26-6.55). Regarding controls 2, increased risks were found for those younger than 25 years (ORa 2.58; 95% CI: 1.20-5.58), physicians (ORa 5.24; 95% CI: 1.50-18.28), those working in operating theatres (ORa 6.00; 95% CI: 2.07-17.36), emergency services, intensive and life-support units (ORa 3.48; 95% CI: 1.37-8.85) and those exposed to poor lighting (ORa 1.67; 95% CI: 1.02-2.82). Education in occupational risk prevention was found to be a protecting factor when controls 1 were analyzed (ORa 0.61; 95% CI: 0.39-0.97).

Conclusions: Despite adherence to standard precautions, working as a physician, in operating theatres, emergency and life-support units, being younger than 25 years, and being exposed to poor visibility and training in occupational risk prevention appear to be independent risk factors for occupational needlestick injuries.