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. 2009 Apr;18(2):273-89, vii.
doi: 10.1016/j.chc.2008.11.002.

Phenomenology, longitudinal course, and outcome of children and adolescents with bipolar spectrum disorders

Regina Sala  1 , David Axelson, Boris Birmaher
Affiliations

Phenomenology, longitudinal course, and outcome of children and adolescents with bipolar spectrum disorders

Regina Sala et al. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2009 Apr.

Abstract

Pediatric bipolar disorder (BPD) significantly affects the normal emotional, cognitive, and social development. The course of children and adolescents with BPD is manifested by frequent changes in symptoms polarity showing a dimensional continuum of bipolar symptoms severity from subsyndromal to mood syndromes meeting full DSM-IV criteria. Thus, early diagnosis and treatment of pediatric bipolar is of utmost importance.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Comparision of weekly symptoms status between youth with BP-I, II and NOS (From Birmaher et al, 2006 39)
A comparision of the weekly symptoms status of youth with bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorders, and not otherwise specified. The weekly symptoms status is the percentage of follow-up weeks that were asymptomatic or symptomatic in different mood categories.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Weekly symptoms status. Comparision between youth with BP-I vs. adults with BP-I (From Birmaher et al, 2006 39)
A weekly symptoms status comparison between youth and adults with bipolar I disorder. The weekly symptom status is the percentage of follow-up weeks that were asymptomatic or symptomatic in different mood categories; p = .05; p ≤ .001.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Change in polarity. Comparision between youth with BP-I vs. adults with BP-I (From Birmaher et al, 2006 39)
A comparison of the change in polarity between youth and adults with bipolar I disorder. The change in polarity is the switch between depression and mania/hypomania or vice versa with or without intervening weeks in asymptomatic status. All comparisons are significant at p < .001
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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