Potential of tissue culture for breeding root-knot nematode resistance into vegetables

Abstract

Plant protoplast technology is being investigated as a means of transferring root-knot nematode resistance factors from Solanum sisymbriifolium into the susceptible S. melongena. Solanum sisymbriifolium plants regenerated from callus lost resistance to Meloidogyne javanica but retained resistance to M. incognita. Tomato plants cloned from leaf discs of the root-knot nematode resistant 'Patriot' were completely susceptible to M. incognita, while sections of stems and leaves rooted in sand in the absence of growth hormones retained resistance. Changes in resistance persisted for three generations. It is postulated that the exogenous hormonal constituents of the culture medium are modifying the expression of genetic resistance.

Keywords: Meloidogyne incognita; Meloidogyne javanica; Solanum melongena; Solanum sisymbriifolium; callus; eggplant; protoplast; review; root-knot nematodes; somatic hybridization; tomato.