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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2009 May;53(5):796-803.
doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2008.12.021. Epub 2009 Mar 20.

Uric acid and long-term outcomes in CKD

Magdalena Madero  1 , Mark J Sarnak, Xuelei Wang, Tom Greene, Gerald J Beck, John W Kusek, Allan J Collins, Andrew S Levey, Vandana Menon
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Uric acid and long-term outcomes in CKD

Magdalena Madero et al. Am J Kidney Dis. 2009 May.

Abstract

Background: Hyperuricemia is prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, data are limited about the relationship of uric acid levels with long-term outcomes in this patient population.

Study design: Cohort study.

Setting & participants: The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study was a randomized controlled trial (N = 840) conducted from 1989 to 1993 to examine the effects of strict blood pressure control and dietary protein restriction on progression of stages 3 to 4 CKD. This analysis included 838 patients.

Predictor: Uric acid level.

Outcomes & measurements: The study evaluated the association of baseline uric acid levels with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, and kidney failure.

Results: Mean age was 52 +/- 12 (SD) years, glomerular filtration rate was 33 +/- 12 mL/min/1.73 m(2), and uric acid level was 7.63 +/- 1.66 mg/dL. During a median follow-up of 10 years, 208 (25%) participants died of any cause, 127 (15%) died of CVD, and 553 (66%) reached kidney failure. In multivariate models, the highest tertile of uric acid was associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07 to 2.32), a trend toward CVD mortality (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 0.90 to 2.39), and no association with kidney failure (HR, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.95 to 1.51) compared with the lowest tertile. In continuous analyses, a 1-mg/dL greater uric acid level was associated with 17% increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.30) and 16% increased risk of CVD mortality (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.33), but was not associated with kidney failure (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.07).

Limitations: Primary analyses were based on a single measurement of uric acid. Results are generalizable primarily to relatively young white patients with predominantly nondiabetic CKD.

Conclusions: In patients with stages 3 to 4 CKD, hyperuricemia appears to be an independent risk factor for all-cause and CVD mortality, but not kidney failure.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Crude Rates of Clinical Outcomes by Uric Acid Tertiles
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Comment in

References

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