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. 2009 Apr 15;131(14):5068-9.
doi: 10.1021/ja9011468.

Loosening and reorganization of fluid phospholipid bilayers by chloroform

Serhan Turkyilmaz  1 , Wen-Hua Chen, Hideyuki Mitomo, Steven L Regen
Affiliations

Loosening and reorganization of fluid phospholipid bilayers by chloroform

Serhan Turkyilmaz et al. J Am Chem Soc. .

Abstract

The mixing behavior of an exchangeable phospholipid (A) with an exchangeable sterol (B) in host bilayers made from 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) containing varying concentrations of cholesterol has been examined via the nearest-neighbor recognition method. At low sterol concentrations (i.e., 2.5 mol %), the mixing between A and B is close to ideal. Incremental increases in the sterol concentration to 40 mol % led to net increases in the affinity between A and B. Similar mixing experiments that were carried out in the presence of chloroform showed a leveling effect, where moderate sterol-phospholipid affinity was observed in all cases. These results, together with the fact that the number of chloroform molecules that are absorbed per phospholipid is essentially constant and independent of the sterol content, support a model in which chloroform favors solvation of the phospholipids and a common membrane state is produced. Fluorescence measurements and Raman spectra have also shown that chloroform significantly loosens both cholesterol-poor and cholesterol-rich membranes made from DPPC. In a broader context, these results suggest a fundamentally new mechanism of anesthesia, where the anesthetic, by solvating the lipid components, profoundly changes the lateral organization of the lipid framework.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Lipids and reaction vessel used for NNR experiments.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Plot of K versus sterol concentration in (●) the absence and (■) presence of a saturated chloroform atmosphere.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(A) Plot of GP versus temperature in liposomes made from DPPC/DPPG/cholesterol (97.5/2.5/2.5, mol%) without (■) and with (□) CHCl3; DPPC/DPPG/cholesterol (57.5/2.5/40, mol%) without (●) and with (○) CHCl3. (B) Raman spectra at 45°C for liposomes made from (top frame): DPPC/DPPG/cholesterol (97.5/2.5/2.5, mol%) and (bottom frame): DPPC/DPPG/cholesterol (57.5/2.5/40, mol%) without (a and c) and with (b and d) CHCl3.
Scheme 1
Scheme 1
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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