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Review
. 2009 Mar 23;14(3):1183-226.
doi: 10.3390/molecules14031183.

Current status of older and new purine nucleoside analogues in the treatment of lymphoproliferative diseases

Tadeusz Robak  1 , Anna Korycka, Ewa Lech-Maranda, Pawel Robak
Affiliations
Review

Current status of older and new purine nucleoside analogues in the treatment of lymphoproliferative diseases

Tadeusz Robak et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

For the past few years more and more new cytotoxic agents active in the treatment of hematological malignancies have been synthesized and become available for either in vitro studies or clinical trials. Among them the class of antineoplastic drugs belonging to the purine nucleoside analogues group (PNAs) plays an important role. Three of them: pentostatin (DCF), cladribine (2-CdA) and fludarabine (FA) were approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of hematological malignancies. Recently three novel PNAs: clofarabine (CAFdA), nelarabine (ara-G) and forodesine (immucillin H, BCX-1777) have been synthesized and introduced into preclinical studies and clinical trials. These agents seem to be useful mainly for the treatment of human T-cell proliferative disorders and they are currently undergoing clinical trials in lymphoid malignancies. However, there are also several studies suggesting the role of these drugs in B-cell malignancies. This review will summarize current knowledge concerning the mechanism of action, pharmacologic properties, clinical activity and toxicity of PNAs accepted for use in clinical practice, as well as new agents available for clinical trials.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Structures of older nucleoside analogues: cladribine, fludarabine and pentostatin.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Structures of new nucleoside analogues: nelarabine, forodesine and clofarabine.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Mechanism of 2-CdA and FA action.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Mechanism of clofarabine, nelarabine and forodesine action.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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