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Review
. 2009 Jan;10(1):325-344.
doi: 10.3390/ijms10010325. Epub 2009 Jan 15.

High temperature metal hydrides as heat storage materials for solar and related applications

Michael Felderhoff  1 , Borislav Bogdanović  1
Affiliations
Review

High temperature metal hydrides as heat storage materials for solar and related applications

Michael Felderhoff et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2009 Jan.

Abstract

For the continuous production of electricity with solar heat power plants the storage of heat at a temperature level around 400 degrees C is essential. High temperature metal hydrides offer high heat storage capacities around this temperature. Based on Mg-compounds, these hydrides are in principle low-cost materials with excellent cycling stability. Relevant properties of these hydrides and their possible applications as heat storage materials are described.

Keywords: Hydrogen storage; Mg2FeH6; heat storage; magnesium hydride.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Dissociation pressure curve of MgH2.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
1000 cycle test of Ni-doped MgH2, time for a full cycle 3 h.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Schematical representation of construction of MgH2/Mg heat stores. Part A: temporary storage of hydrogen in a pressure container; part B: temporary storage of hydrogen in a low-temperature metal hydride.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
The process steam generator based on MgH2 [17, 18].
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Cross section of the model of the solar power station, with MgH2 heat storage units and fix-focus solar concentrator.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
A 650 cycle test performed with mechanically Ni-doped (4 wt.%) 270 mesh Mg powder, demonstrating reversible and irreversible hydrogen capacity losses under severe conditions; —*— and —♦—, 45 and 135 min hydrogenation times, respectively [21].
Figure 7.
Figure 7.
Crystal unit cell of Mg2FeH6; Mg-atoms are shown in blue, Fe-atoms are located in the centers of the octahedrons.
Figure 8.
Figure 8.
Temperature dependence of the dissociation pressure of Mg2FeH6 in comparision with that of MgH2 [22].
Figure 9.
Figure 9.
Hydrogen storage capacity of MgH2, Mg2FeH6 (top) and of the mixed Mg2FeH6-MgH2 system [22]. (Conditions for re/dehydrogenations: 482/533 °C, 80/86 bar, 1.5/1.5 h).
Figure 10.
Figure 10.
Raster electron images from top to the bottom: a) Fe-metal, b) Mg-flakes, c) Mg2FeH6 after 600 cycles.
Figure 11.
Figure 11.
Left: HR-TEM-pictures of Mg2FeH6 (top) and dehydrogenated material (2Mg + Fe) (bottom); right: TEM micrographs of different steps of Mg2FeH6 formation are recorded. Dark regions of the particles are Fe regions and the lighter consist of Mg2FeH6. (a) Initial stage of the Mg2FeH6 formation; (b) vermicular excresence of Mg2FeH6 out of the surface of an iron seed; (c) final stage of the Mg2FeH6 formation [22].
Figure 12.
Figure 12.
50 MW Solar power plant Andasol 1 with solar thermal energy storage system [27], photo with permission from Solar Millennium.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Bogdanović B, Ritter A, Spliethoff B. Active MgH2-Mg systems for reversible chemical energy storage. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1990;29:223–234.
    1. Beckmann G, Gilli PV. Thermal Energy Storage. Springer-Verlag; Wien, New York: 1984. p. 57. Table 2.4.
    1. Buchner H. Energiespeicherung in Metallhydriden. Springer Verlag; Wien, New York: 1982.
    1. The formation of NOx in application of H2 for engines with internal combustion can be practically eliminated using lean gas mixtures (λ λ 2); taken from [3], p. 126.
    1. Rummel W. Heat storage in magnesium-hydrogen system. Siemens Forsch. Entwicklungsber. 1978;7:44.

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