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. 2008 Oct;4(4):264-71.
doi: 10.4161/org.4.4.7286.

Illicit organogenesis: Methods and substances of doping and manipulation

Mario Thevis  1 , Wilhelm Schänzer
Affiliations

Illicit organogenesis: Methods and substances of doping and manipulation

Mario Thevis et al. Organogenesis. 2008 Oct.

Abstract

Doping and manipulation are undesirable companions of professional and amateur sport. Numerous adverse analytical findings as well as confessions of athletes have demonstrated the variety of doping agents and methods as well as the inventiveness of cheating sportsmen. Besides 'conventional' misuse of drugs such as erythropoietin and insulins, experts fear that therapeutics that are currently undergoing clinical trials might be part of current or future doping regimens, which aim for an increased functionality and performance or organs and tissues. Emerging drugs such as selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) complex stabilizers or modulators of muscle fiber calcium channels are considered relevant for current and future doping controls due to their high potential for misuse in sports.

Keywords: HIF; S107; anabolics; doping; insulin; mass spectrometry; sport.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Stimulation (blue) and inhibition (yellow) of androgen receptors accomplished by non-steroidal SARMs. The tissue selectivity and the simultaneously occurring but different effects on distinct organs is of particular importance for steroid replacement therapies.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Representatives of different classes of SARMs: Arylpropionamide-derived SARMs (Parts 1 and 2), bicyclic hydantoins (Parts 3 and 4), quinoline (Part 5) and tricyclic tetrahydroquinoline (Part 6) derivatives.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Primary structures of (A) human insulin, (B) Humalog and (C) Apidra. Modifications are highlighted by a grey background.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Product ion mass spectrum of the protonated molecule of a model compound representing a new class of HIF-complex stabilizers.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Product ion mass spectra of the drug candidates modulating calcium ion channels in muscle fibers: JTV 519 (A) and S107 (B).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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