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. 2008 Dec;4(6):1245-9.

Post-traumatic stress, depression, and anxiety in patients with injury-related chronic pain: A pilot study

Sofia Ahman  1 , Britt-Marie Stålnacke
Affiliations

Post-traumatic stress, depression, and anxiety in patients with injury-related chronic pain: A pilot study

Sofia Ahman et al. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2008 Dec.

Abstract

Aim: To investigate, in patients with injury-related chronic pain, pain intensity, levels of post-traumatic stress, anxiety and depressions.

Methods: One hundred and sixty patients aged 17-62 years, admitted for assessment to the Pain Rehabilitation Clinic at the Umeå University Hospital, Umeå Sweden, for chronic pain caused by an injury, answered a set of questionnaires to assess post-traumatic stress (Impact of Event Scale [IES]), pain intensity (VAS), depression, and anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HAD]).

Results: Moderate to severe post-traumatic stress was reported by 48.1% of the patients. Possible-probable anxiety on the HAD was scored by 44.5% and possible-probable depression by 45.2%. Pain intensity (VAS) was significantly correlated to post-traumatic stress (r = 0.183, p = 0.022), the HAD-scores anxiety (r = 0.186, p = 0.0021), and depression (r = 0.252, p = 0.002). No statistically significant differences were found between genders for post-traumatic stress, pain intensity, anxiety, or depression. Participants with moderate to severe stress reaction reported statistically significant higher anxiety scores on the HAD (p = 0.030) in comparison with patients with mild stress.

Conclusion: The findings of relationships between pain intensity, post-traumatic stress, depression, and anxiety may have implications for clinicians and underline the importance of considering all these factors when managing patients with injury-related chronic pain.

Keywords: anxiety; chronic pain; post-traumatic stress disorder.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Percentage of participants within each stress reaction category.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Anxiety in relation to stress response IES = impact of event score.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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