Advancement-onlay: an improved technique of fronto-orbital remodeling in craniosynostosis

Abstract

Eighteen patients with nonsyndromic craniosynostosis underwent fronto-orbital remodeling with an advancement-onlay technique. The mean age of the infants was 5 months (range = 2-11 months) when the procedure was performed for the following indications: unilateral coronal synostosis (n = 10); bilateral coronal synostosis (n = 3); metopic synostosis (n = 2); and multiple craniosynostoses (n = 3). The technique consists of (1) unilateral or bifrontal craniotomy, (2) superior orbital rim recontouring and advancement, and (3) frontal bone graft rotation and onlay. Posteriorly, the frontal bone graft is left "floating," while anteriorly, rigid fixation with microplates and screws has supplanted wire osteosynthesis. The use of rigid fixation prevents uncontrolled "float" of the forehead and eliminates the need for temporal struts. Follow-up time ranged from 6 to 60 months (mean = 2.6 years). There were no serious postoperative complications. Surgical results were good to excellent in 94% of cases and poor to fair in 6%. Only 1 patient with a Kleeblattschädel deformity required major revision, while another patient with trigonocephaly underwent a minor, extracranial recontouring procedure. Supraorbital rim and/or forehead recession suggestive of relapse or initial inadequacy of anterior projection occurred in 3 patients (17%). Residual, mild contour abnormalities of the forehead and/or temporal regions were found in 5 cases. To date, no gross disturbances in craniofacial growth related to our method of rigid fixation have been observed and no clinically detectable resynostosis has occurred.