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Comment
. 2009 Apr;15(4):366-7.
doi: 10.1038/nm0409-366.

Dust mites' dirty dealings in the lung

Clare M Lloyd
Comment

Dust mites' dirty dealings in the lung

Clare M Lloyd. Nat Med. 2009 Apr.
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Direct route for dust mite. Endotoxin-containing allergens such as house dust mite extract activate TLR4 on lung structural cells such as epithelial cells—thereby promoting the secretion of cytokines and chemokines (such as C-C motif chemokine ligand-2 (CCL2) and CCL20) that promote dendritic cell (DC) recruitment and maturation. Activated dendritic cells have high surface expression of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II), CD86 and CD40 and promote generation of allergen-specific TH2 cells. These TH2 cells secrete the classical cytokines associated with allergic reactions—IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13, which are responsible for the symptoms such as eosinophilia and airway hyperreactivity (AHR). Hammad et al. found that HDM triggering of TLR4 on epithelial cells also induced the production of the innate cytokines TSLP, IL-25 and IL-33. Each of these cytokines is also associated with generation of allergic immunopathology and airway hyperresponsiveness.
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