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Review
. 2009 May;157(2):179-94.
doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00148.x. Epub 2009 Apr 2.

Nanotechnologies and controlled release systems for the delivery of antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNA

Elias Fattal  1 , Gillian Barratt
Affiliations
Review

Nanotechnologies and controlled release systems for the delivery of antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNA

Elias Fattal et al. Br J Pharmacol. 2009 May.

Abstract

Antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNA have enormous potential for the treatment of a number of diseases, including cancer. However, several impediments to their widespread use as drugs still have to be overcome: in particular their lack of stability in physiological fluids and their poor penetration into cells. Association with or encapsulation within nano- and microsized drug delivery systems could help to solve these problems. In this review, we describe the progress that has been made using delivery systems composed of natural or synthetic polymers in the form of complexes, nanoparticles or microparticles.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Intracellular penetration of nanoparticulate systems containing antisense oligonucleotides and their subsequent mechanisms of action after release in the cytoplasm. AS-ODN, antisense oligonucleotides; mRNA, messenger RNA; RNase H, ribonuclease H.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Intracellular penetration of nanoparticulate systems containing siRNA and their subsequent mechanism of action after release in the cytoplasm. The mechanism of action of endogenous miRNA is presented here for comparison purposes. miRNA, microRNA; mRNA, messenger RNA; RISC, RNA-induced silencing complex; siRNA, small interfering RNA.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Structure of the main chemically modified antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNA.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Different types of nano-and microtechnologies for the delivery of antisense oligonucleotides and siRNA. AS-ODN, antisense oligonucleotides; siRNA, small interfering RNA.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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