The effect of omeprazole and ranitidine on ulcer healing, relief of symptoms, and incidence of adverse events in the treatment of duodenal ulcer patients

Abstract

In a Swedish double-blind multicenter study involving 143 patients, the new proton pump inhibitor omeprazole (30 mg taken as a single morning dose) was compared with ranitidine (400 mg b.i.d.). Clinical assessment and laboratory investigations were carried out at 2 and 4 weeks, and again at 6 weeks if patients had not healed earlier. Endoscopy was repeated at two-weekly intervals until the ulcer was healed. The patients in the two treatment groups were well matched prior to treatment. There was a higher ulcer healing rate in the omeprazole group (70%) than in the ranitidine group (55%) after two weeks of treatment. This difference reached statistical significance in 128 patients adhering to the protocol as shown by a logit model analysis with drug, ulcer size and smoking as the prognostic factors (p = 0.04). There were no major differences between the two treatment groups in terms of symptomatic relief. Both drugs were generally well tolerated, and the number of adverse events in the two treatment groups were similar. After healing, 127 patients entered a follow-up study, with endoscopy either after 6 months or on recurrence of symptoms. There was no significant difference between the two treatment groups, with the relapse frequency within 6 months being 39% in the omeprazole group and 47% in the ranitidine group. These results, with a 15 percentage points higher ulcer healing rate for omeprazole as compared with H2-receptor antagonists after two weeks, are in accordance with results reported in other studies.