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Review
. 2009 Jul;25(2):311-22.
doi: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2009.03.004.

Clinical pathology of llamas and alpacas

Susan J Tornquist  1
Affiliations
Review

Clinical pathology of llamas and alpacas

Susan J Tornquist. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 2009 Jul.

Abstract

Clinical laboratory data including hematology, hemostasis, biochemical, and cytologic findings contribute to diagnosis and monitoring of numerous conditions in camelids. Establishment of reference intervals and descriptions of normal components of fluids in these species have improved our ability to interpret test results.

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