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. 2008 Jul;24(3):401-5.
doi: 10.4103/0970-1591.42626.

Clinical presentation and diagnostic approach in cases of genitourinary tuberculosis

Rakesh Kapoor  1 , M S Ansari, Anil Mandhani, Anil Gulia
Affiliations

Clinical presentation and diagnostic approach in cases of genitourinary tuberculosis

Rakesh Kapoor et al. Indian J Urol. 2008 Jul.

Abstract

Objective: We herein describe the various modes of presentation in genitourinary tuberculosis (GUTB) and a simple diagnostic approach to it.

Materials and methods: We made a literature search through Medline database and various other peer-reviewed online journals to study the various modes of presentation in GUTB. We reviewed over 100 articles published in the last 10 years (1998 -- 2007), which were tracked through the key words like GUTB and extrapulmonary tuberculosis.

Results: GUTB has varied presentation and the most common way of presentation is in the form of irritative voiding symptoms, which are found in more than 50% of the patients. The usual frequency of organ involvement is: kidney, bladder, fallopian tube, and scrotum. The usual tests used to diagnose GUTB are the demonstration of mycobacterium in urine or body fluid and radiographic examination. Intravenous urography (IVU) has been considered to be one of the most useful tests for the anatomical as well as the functional details of kidneys and ureters. In cases of renal failure, MRI can be used. Newer examinations such as radiometric liquid culture systems (i.e., BACTEC((R)), Becton Dickinson, USA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) give rapid results and are highly sensitive in the identification of mycobacterium.

Conclusion: GUTB can involve any part of the genitourinary system and presentation may vary from vague urinary symptoms to chronic kidney disease. Newer tests like radiometric liquid culture systems and polymerase chain reaction give rapid results and carry high diagnostic value.

Keywords: Diagnosis; GUTB; genitourinary system; tuberculosis.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(A) Intravenous urography showing lower ureteric stricture (arrow head). (B) Cystogram showing thimble bladder with massive vesicoureric reflux
Figure 2
Figure 2
(A) Intravenous urography showing caliceal cut-off (arrow head). (B) Simple diagnostic algorithm in suspected cases of GUTB.[–27]
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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