A national study of iodine status in Albania

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the iodine status in Albania following 11 yr of iodine prophylaxis and to evaluate factors influencing the outcome.

Design: Eight hundred and forty children, aged 6-13 yr, living in 4 different regions and 365 pregnant women living in the same areas, were enrolled for the study. The prevalence of goiter was assessed by palpation and ultrasound imaging and the urinary iodine and the iodine concentration in the salt of different commercial brands were evaluated. Presence of goiter in the family and their eating habits were also investigated as well as the use of iodized salt in the household.

Main outcome: In children, the prevalence of goiter was 57.6% by palpation and 24.4% by ultrasound imaging. Median urinary iodine was 86.2 microg/l, with pronounced geographical variations (range 3.52-1079 microg/l). In particular, 29.1% of the children had urinary iodine <50 microg/l and 57.1% <100 microg/l. In pregnant women, the median urinary iodine was 85 microg/l. Median iodine concentration in household iodized salt was 21.2 mg/kg, with 60.3% of the brands being adequately and 39.7% non-adequately iodized. Almost all families (99.6%) claimed to use iodized salt.

Conclusion: Despite the introduction of iodine prophylaxis, there is still a mild iodine deficiency in Albania, particularly in the inner mountainous areas.