What predicts sex partners' age differences among African American youth? A longitudinal study from adolescence to young adulthood

Abstract

Partner age is associated with youth's sex risk behaviors and sexually transmitted infections. At present, however, it is not known whether the co-occurrence of other risk behaviors is associated with having older sex partners during adolescence and young adulthood. Using growth curve modeling, this study first describes the shape of the age difference between participants and their sex partners across adolescence and young adulthood in a sample of African American youth. Second, whether this model varied systematically by sex, mother's education, and high school dropout was tested. Third, whether age differences were associated with youth's self-acceptance, alcohol use, and employment trajectories over these two developmental periods was assessed. Finally, whether these associations had non-proportional effects over both periods was tested. This study modeled sex partners' age differences nonlinearly, with females being more likely to date older partners at baseline and over time. High school dropouts also reported older partners at baseline. Self-acceptance and the number of hours worked were associated with sex partners' age differences over time, with the effect decreasing over young adulthood years. Alcohol use frequency was also associated with having older partners over time. This study discusses the findings from a health perspective on youth's sexual development.

Figure 1

Growth Model of Sex Partners’ Age Differences by Sex and High School Dropout across Adolescence and Young adulthood (no covariates).

Figure 2

Growth Model of Self-Acceptance on Sex Partners’ Age Differences for Males across Adolescence and Young adulthood (all other covariates held constant at zero).

Figure 3

Growth Model of Self-Acceptance on Sex Partners’ Age Differences for Females across Adolescence and Young adulthood (all other covariates held constant at zero).

Figure 4

Growth Model of Number of Hours Worked on Sex Partner’s Age Differences by Sex across Adolescence and Young adulthood (all other covariates held constant at zero).