A study to explore the risk factors for the early onset of cataract in India

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for the development of cataract in young patients.

Settings: The study was undertaken at Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

Methods: In a clinic-based observational study, 340 consecutive patients in the age group of 30-45 years presenting with nuclear, cortical, posterior subcapsular (PSC), mixed, and posterior polar cataract were prospectively studied. A detailed history regarding sunlight exposure, atopy, diabetes, steroid intake, myopia, glaucoma, and uveitis was elicited.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 40.2+/-4.6 years; there were 202 men. The major risk factors were atopy (25.6%), idiopathic (19.1%), high myopia (12.4%), atopy with steroid intake (10.9%), steroid usage (7.4%), sunlight exposure (3.8%), and diabetes mellitus (3.2%). PSC was observed in 53.5% eyes. Multinomial logistic regression revealed that atopy (P=0.016), steroid usage (P=0.100), and diabetes mellitus (P=0.076) documented higher odds for PSC. High myopia (P<0.001) and sunlight exposure (P=0.003) documented higher odds for nuclear cataract.

Conclusion: Atopy was found to be the most common risk factor associated with the development of cataract in young individuals. PSC was the predominant type of cataract prevalent in young patients.