Hormonal contraceptive regimens in the perimenopause

Abstract

Perimenopausal women have low fertility but still need contraception if they are sexually active. They often have co-existing menstrual problems and menopausal symptoms. No method of contraception is contraindicated by age alone. In addition to highly effective contraception, hormonal methods offer non-contraceptive benefits which can improve quality of life for perimenopausal women. Combined hormonal oral contraception has been available for many decades. The combined vaginal ring and transdermal patch are newer methods offering alternative delivery systems but similar risk profiles to oral preparations. New combinations containing naturally occurring estrogens in place of the synthetic hormone ethinylestradiol are now available and, in theory, could be safer. The progestogen-only methods have an excellent safety profile and have a range of delivery systems and dosages to suit all. Concerns regarding loss of bone mineral density with the injectable depot medroxyprogesterone acetate continue but to date there is no evidence that this translates into higher fracture risk. Effective use of any method of contraception is strongly dependent on good counselling and support from healthcare professionals. Risks should be explained in absolute terms for each individual woman, enabling her to make an informed choice on evidence-based medicine and not influenced by ill-informed media publicity.