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Review
. 2009 Jul;8(7):887-98.
doi: 10.1586/erv.09.43.

SARS vaccines: where are we?

Rachel L Roper  1 , Kristina E Rehm
Affiliations
Review

SARS vaccines: where are we?

Rachel L Roper et al. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2009 Jul.

Abstract

In this review, the current state of vaccine development against human severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus, focusing on recently published data is assessed. We discuss which strategies have been assessed immunologically and which have been evaluated in SARS coronavirus challenge models. We discuss inactivated vaccines, virally and bacterially vectored vaccines, recombinant protein and DNA vaccines, as well as the use of attenuated vaccines. Data regarding the correlates of protection, animal models and the available evidence regarding potential vaccine enhancement of SARS disease are discussed. While there is much evidence that various vaccine strategies against SARS are safe and immunogenic, vaccinated animals still display significant disease upon challenge. Current data suggest that intranasal vaccination may be crucial and that new or combination strategies may be required for good protective efficacy against SARS in humans.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus virion.
Known structural surface proteins including the viral attachment protein S, small E and M protein are shown in black text, as well as potential (gray text) predicted membrane proteins that may or may not be in the virion. Predicted orientations of the protein are also shown relative to their N, as well as the topology regarding the size of the protein mass relative to the membrane of the virus particle [1]. Nomenclature is shown as in Genbank, except for ORF14, which is designated as in the original severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) genome sequence manuscript [1]. For proteins that are primarily external, the number of predicted amino acids displayed on the surface of the virion is shown. Y indicates that antibodies to thiS protein have been detected in SARS patient sera [35]. E: Envelope; M: Membrane/matrix; N: Amino terminal; S: Spike.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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MeSH terms