National trends in rates of death and hospital admissions related to acute myocardial infarction, heart failure and stroke, 1994-2004

Abstract

Background: Rates of death from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have been steadily declining over the past few decades. Whether such declines are occurring to a similar degree for common disorders such as acute myocardial infarction, heart failure and stroke is uncertain. We examined recent national trends in mortality and rates of hospital admission for these 3 conditions.

Methods: We analyzed mortality data from Statistic Canada's Canadian Mortality Database and data on hospital admissions from the Canadian Institute for Health Information's Hospital Morbidity Database for the period 1994-2004. We determined age- and sex-standardized rates of death and hospital admissions per 100,000 population aged 20 years and over as well as in-hospital case-fatality rates.

Results: The overall age- and sex-standardized rate of death from cardiovascular disease in Canada declined 30.0%, from 360.6 per 100,000 in 1994 to 252.5 per 100 000 in 2004. During the same period, the rate fell 38.1% for acute myocardial infarction, 23.5% for heart failure and 28.2% for stroke, with improvements observed across most age and sex groups. The age- and sex-standardized rate of hospital admissions decreased 27.6% for stroke and 27.2% for heart failure. The rate for acute myocardial infarction fell only 9.2%. In contrast, the relative decline in the in-hospital case-fatality rate was greatest for acute myocardial infarction (33.1%; p < 0.001). Much smaller relative improvements in case-fatality rates were noted for heart failure (8.1%) and stroke (8.9%).

Interpretation: The rates of death and hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction, heart failure and stroke in Canada changed at different rates over the 10-year study period. Awareness of these trends may guide future efforts for health promotion and health care planning and help to determine priorities for research and treatment.

Figure 1

Age- and sex-standardized rates of death from acute myocardial infarction, heart failure and stroke per 100 000 population aged 20 and over in Canada, 1994–2004. Rates are standardized to the Canadian 1991 census population.

Figure 2

Age- and sex-standardized rates of hospital admissions because of acute myocardial infarction, heart failure and stroke per 100 000 population aged 20 and over in Canada, 1994–2004. Rates are standardized to the Canadian 1991 census population.

Figure 3

Age- and sex-adjusted in-hospital case-fatality rates among patients with acute myocardial infarction, heart failure and stroke in Canada, 1994–2004. Rates are standardized to the Canadian 1991 census population.