Glucocorticosteroid therapy in acute severe asthma--a critical review

Abstract

Glucocorticosteroid (GCS) therapy is one of the corner-stones in the treatment of asthma. Its value in acute severe asthma is still open for debate. Many of the papers published on the topic are subject to methodological problems. In 8 of 13 placebo-controlled studies, GCS therapy proved to be superior to placebo, evaluated either as result of pulmonary function, blood gas tension, or hospital admission rate. The most important point for GCS therapy in acute severe asthma seems to be frequent dosage, typically 4 times daily. Oral and intravenous administration seem to have equal efficacy. Only 2 of 10 studies were able to prove a dose-response relationship. Both studies included very low doses of GCS. Doses of 100-200 mg of methylprednisolone for 24 h seem as effective as high doses. A protective effect against relapses within a certain time after the GCS therapy has been demonstrated only for periods not exceeding 4 weeks, and only in children. So far, no study has been able to depict the categories of patients who may or may not benefit by the addition of GCS therapy to the symptomatic treatment of acute severe asthma.