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Review
. 2009 Sep;16(5):329-33.
doi: 10.1097/MOH.0b013e32832e9dc6.

The platelet proteome

Lisa Senzel  1 , Dmitri V Gnatenko, Wadie F Bahou
Affiliations
Review

The platelet proteome

Lisa Senzel et al. Curr Opin Hematol. 2009 Sep.

Abstract

Purpose of review: The proteome is the pool of proteins expressed at a given time and circumstance. The word 'proteomics' summarizes several technologies for visualization, quantitation and identification of these proteins. Recent advances in these techniques are helping to elucidate platelet processes which are relevant to bleeding and clotting disorders, transfusion medicine and regulation of angiogenesis.

Recent findings: Over 1100 platelet proteins have been identified using proteomic techniques. Various subproteomes have been characterized, including platelet releasates (the 'secretome'), alpha and dense granules, membrane and cytoskeletal proteins, platelet-derived microparticles, and the platelet 'phosphoproteome'. Proteomic data about platelets have become increasingly available in integrated databases.

Summary: Proteomic experiments in resting and activated platelets have identified novel signaling pathways and secreted proteins which may represent therapeutic targets, as well as potential cancer biomarkers.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Overview of proteomic techniques
Proteolytic digestion is performed either in a gel or in solution to produce peptides for mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. Differential in-gel electrophoresis (DIGE) employs fluorescent labeling of peptides. Isotope affinity tags can be used in gel-free proteomic experiments to improve peptide quantitation. Various chromatographic methods are available for peptide separation and selective enrichment of proteins. SELDI uses ProteinChip arrays to segregate protein populations. Proteins are identified by database searches following MS analysis. ICAT - isotope-coded affinity tag, iTRAQ - isotope tagging for relative and absolute quantitation, SELDI - Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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    2. This paper reviews the mechanisms by which platelet synthesize proteins and describes how protein synthesis alters the phenotype and functions of platelets. Signal-dependent pre-mRNA splicing allows platelets to alter their transcriptome and proteome profiles in response to cellular activation.

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