Coronal alignment in total knee arthroplasty: just how important is it?

Abstract

A recent study has challenged the premise that well-aligned total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) have better survival than outliers. This study examines the importance of overall coronal alignment as a predictor for revision. Patients with primary TKAs were stratified into neutral, varus, and valgus alignment groups based on the postoperative tibiofemoral angle. In 6070 knees (3992 patients), there were 51 failures (0.84%): 21 (0.5%) in the neutral group, 18 (1.8%) in the varus group, and 12 (1.5%) in the valgus group. The best survival was for overall alignment between 2.4 degrees and 7.2 degrees of valgus. Varus knees failed primarily by medial tibia collapse, whereas valgus knees failed from ligament instability. Outliers in overall alignment have a higher rate of revision than well-aligned knees. The goal of TKA should be to restore alignment within 2.4 degrees to 7.2 degrees of valgus.