Mapping the cancer-specific EORTC QLQ-C30 to the preference-based EQ-5D, SF-6D, and 15D instruments

Abstract

Objectives: To estimate models, via ordinary least squares regression, for predicting Euro Qol 5D (EQ-5D), Short Form 6D (SF-6D), and 15D utilities from scale scores of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30).

Methods: Forty-eight gastric cancer patients, split up into equal subgroups by age, sex, and chemotherapy scheme, were interviewed, and the survey included the QLQ-C30, SF-36, EQ-5D, and 15D instruments, along with sociodemographic and clinical data. Model predictive ability and explanatory power were assessed by root mean square error (RMSE) and adjusted R(2) values, respectively. Pearson's r between predicted and reported utility indices was compared. Three random subsamples, half in size the initial sample, were created and used for "external" validation of the modeling equations.

Results: Explanatory power was high, with adjusted R(2) reaching 0.909, 0.833, and 0.611 for 15D, SF-6D, and EQ-5D, respectively. After normalization of RMSE to the range of possible values, the prediction errors were 12.0, 5.4, and 5.6% for EQ-5D, SF-6D, and 15D, respectively. The estimation equations produced a range of utility scores similar to those achievable by the standard scoring algorithms. Predicted and reported indices from the validation samples were comparable thus confirming the previous results.

Conclusions: Evidence on the ability of QLQ-C30 scale scores to validly predict 15D and SF-6D utilities, and to a lesser extent, EQ-5D, has been provided. The modeling equations must be tried in future studies with larger and more diverse samples to confirm their appropriateness for estimating quality-adjusted life-year in cancer-patient trials including only the QLQ-C30.