Boxing: the preparticipation evaluation

Abstract

Boxing is a controversial sport that has drawn public and physician criticism since its inception in 900 BC. The American Medical Association has recently taken a formal position to ban boxing because of the alleged dangers, including the possibility of the long-term effect of dementia pugilistica. Proponents of amateur boxing are working diligently to document this claim both as premature and false. They cite amateur boxing's purpose as one boxer's attempt to outpoint or outscore his opponent by utilization of superior strength and skill. Despite this medical and political controversy, thousands of primary care patients are boxing. This report offers the physician guidelines for the preparticipation evaluation. Specific disqualifying conditions are addressed.