Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2010 Mar;25(3):266-74.
doi: 10.1002/gps.2332.

The cognitive change checklist (3CL): cross-validation of a measure of change in everyday cognition

John A Schinka  1 , Ashok Raj, David A Loewenstein, Brent J Small, Ranjan Duara, Huntington Potter
Affiliations

The cognitive change checklist (3CL): cross-validation of a measure of change in everyday cognition

John A Schinka et al. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2010 Mar.

Abstract

Objective: The recently developed cognitive change checklist (3CL) is comprised of four scales titled memory, executive, language, and remote recall. A previous study demonstrated that the checklist met criteria for reliability and validity in characterizing cases of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early dementia in a memory disorder clinic sample. In this study we examined further the reliability, validity, and efficacy of the 3CL in distinguishing among groups of normal individuals, those with cognitive complaints, amnestic and non-amnestic MCI cases, and early-stage demented individuals.

Design: Scale validation study.

Setting: Alzheimer's Disease Research Center

Participants: One hundred and twenty-five individuals who completed extensive evaluations as part of a longitudinal study of cognitive change.

Results: Scale reliabilities were found to be well within guidelines to support their use in the clinical assessment of change in global and specific cognitive domains. The factor structure of the 3CL was found to be highly similar to that originally reported. Validation support was obtained from correlational analyses that showed significant scale relationships with neurocognitive measures and with MRI ratings of medial temporal atrophy. Informant 3CL scales were found to discriminate individuals with cognitive complaints but without clinical findings from those individuals with amnestic MCI or early dementia.

Conclusion: Results extend the foundation of support for the use of the 3CL as a measure to facilitate identification of cases of MCI and early AD. Further examination of the diagnostic utility of the scale, and of its value in combination with cognitive screening measures, will also be required.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

No author has a conflict of interest regarding this study.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Informant and Self-Report 3CL scores for all diagnostic groups.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Benedict RHB, Schretlen D, Goninger L, Brandt J. Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised: Normative data and analysis of inter-form and test-retest reliability. Clin Neuropsychol. 1998;12:43–55.
    1. Benton AL, Hamsher K. Multilingual Aphasia Examination. Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa; 1978.
    1. Benton AL, Hamsher K, Varney N, Spreen O. Judgement of Line Orientation Test. Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa; 1983.
    1. Dufouil C, Fuhrer R, Alperovitch A. Subjective cognitive complaints and cognitive decline: Consequence or predictor? The Epidemiology of Vascular Aging Study. J Amer Geriat Soc. 2005;53:616–621. - PubMed
    1. Farias ST, Mungas D, Reed BR, et al. The measurement of everyday cognition (ECog): Scale development and psychometric properties. Neuropsychology. 2008;22:531–544. - PMC - PubMed

Publication types